Antioxidant Property and Inhibition of Tyrosinase and Melanin Synthesis of the Korean Fir (Abies koreana Wilson) Needle Extracts

Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) is traditionally used in folk medicine for its antibacterial, memory-enhancing, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant skin-whitening effects of methanol ethanol extracts needles. The were tested their capacity using various assays, including radical scavenging (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, O2-, H2O2 NOž), SOD-like, ferrous ion chelating, reducing power assays. total phenolic flavonoid contents determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. non-toxic doses MTT assay human malignant melanoma SK mel-100 cells, tyrosinase activity melanin measured an enzyme-substrate assay. results showed that needle increased a dose-dependent manner, as confirmed activities 2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) extract significantly reduced content manner (p < 0.01), suggesting potential use agent. needles exhibited higher (8306 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g) content, with superoxide (IC50 = 4.22 mg/mL) nitric oxide 1.50 inhibition synthesis than those 0.05). Overall, our demonstrate source inhibitors antioxidants inhibiting biosynthesis, which could have applications cosmetic pharmaceutical industries.